Статьи

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has garnered significant attention over the past decade. This expansive project promises lucrative opportunities and a potential boost to global trade. However, infrastructure, policy, and strategic challenges pose risks to its international success. This study examines the forces driving the growth of e-commerce supply chain companies participating in the BRI, focusing on China and Russia as research context. Using the Value Chain theory, we explain how combination of its primary and support activities influences the development of international supply chains within the BRI. We employ a multilinear regression model to test the proposed framework, with an ANOVA model to verify the robustness of our findings. The results reveal that primary and support activities have different significance within BRI collaboration. Exogenous factors, particularly industrial and municipal policies, as well as infrastructural development, are the key drivers of e-commerce success in the BRI supply chains. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the BRI by providing empirical evidence of the factors influencing e-commerce growth in participating countries. Our findings offer insights for firms and policymakers seeking to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the BRI and highlight the areas requiring attention to ensure its long-term viability and success.

Stabilizing the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to protect the populace from the adverse effects of inflation necessitates appropriate measures at both political and economic governance levels. This study examines the impacts of imports (IM) and exports (EX) on inflation (CPI) in Afghanistan using data from 1990 to 2023. The findings from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model indicate that both IM and EX significantly impact CPI in the short and long term. A robustness check employing the Kernel-based Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) machine learning technique further validates these results. The analysis confirms that international trade has a substantial and positive effect on CPI. Additionally, in the context of Afghanistan, political instability acts as a positive moderator, amplifying the influence of imports and exports on inflation. The study concludes that the country requires a reevaluation of its policies regarding exchange rates and economic growth to mitigate the negative effects of imports, exports, and political volatility on the stability of the CPI.

This research aims to investigate the influence of stock market volatility and liquidity turnover on returns in the emerging markets of Middle East and North Africa (MENA countries) using the interaction of global economic policy uncertainty index and exchange rate as a moderating variable. The paper employs panel quantile regression with daily data from January 1, 2000 to August 30, 2024 and a panel quantile regression sensitivity analysis. The findings suggest that the U. S. economic policy uncertainty index was markedly negative; the negative and significant interaction coefficient between the variables of exchange rate fluctuations and worldwide economic policy uncertainty indicates that stock returns of the MENA markets dropped substantially in response to international economic policy uncertainty; the more extensively the exchange rate fluctuated, the lower were the returns. Empirical evidence reveals shifting dynamics in the impact of short-term interest rate volatility on returns as we move from the period before the pandemic outbreak to the post-pandemic era. The study has notable implications for financial investors. Markets’ response to interest rate volatility cannot be predicted with high degree of certainty because the market reacts spontaneously to adjustments in the short-term interest rate even when market players operate rationally and base their decisions on all available information regarding stock prices. As a result, investors may choose to consider selecting shorter-life alternative equities as a long-term hedge against interest rate volatility risk. The MENA countries’ central monetary authorities and governments should work jointly to maintain stock market stability by enacting measures to make stock exchanges and the equity markets more resilient to the negative effects of uncertainty brought on by foreign economic policy, even as exchange rate volatility rises. Additionally, international business entities and traders could also shield themselves against international economic policy-related risk of uncertainty in the midst of currency volatility given the current research.

The ongoing digital transformation provides an infrastructural basis for multi-level networking. The United States and China as the leaders in designing long-term social and economic development strategies pay serious attention to technological sovereignty and sustainable interaction between the corporate and public sectors that are impossible without reliable digital infrastructure. Digital platforms have become its most important component, creating prerequisites for the formation and development of various network structures. The paper discusses the subordinate effects resulting from the development of digital platforms as part of digitalization. Today, global value chains are being transformed, changing the global reproduction system; the reproduction process is also influenced by digital transformation; technological development and innovations bring new opportunities and transform all aspects of socioeconomic interaction. The methodological basis of the study is constituted by the system approach, comparative analysis and statistical methods. The paper examines the prospects of digital platforms in the PRC both for the national economy and international cooperation and proposes guidelines on their strategic development. It describes the specific features of financing their formation and systematizes the characteristics of networking in the sphere of e-commerce, cloud services and investment cooperation. Addressing the social aspect of using digital platforms, the study emphasizes the importance of social monitoring and migration controls that give the country a competitive advantage in developing and testing the technologies involved. It also shows that platform employment and digital poverty create multidirectional trends affecting the country’s economic development.

This paper concerns Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) employer branding and its impact on employee attraction and retention, seeking to systematize academic knowledge about their interconnections and links to other important management issues. We made a systematic literature review focusing on empirical papers published in academic journals over the last 10 years, which enabled us to identify the directions of contemporary research, commonly used methodologies and contexts explored. It shows that CSR initiatives are increasingly recognized as a critical dimension of employer branding. Alignment of CSR practices and employer branding strategies is essential for attracting top talent. We also observed a strong link between CSR and employer attractiveness, career development, organizational identification, corporate reputation and person-organization fit, which underscores the multifaceted nature of CSR employer branding. It has been found that CSR researchers predominantly use quantitative methodologies in their studies and tend to explore the firms that work in the IT industry. The paper discusses the current state of CSR employer branding research and outlines possible avenues for future studies.

The paper investigates the relationship between corporate governance and organizational performance in Nigeria’s banking sector between 1996 and 2023, using the Tobin-Q valuation and operating performance methodology (quantitative characteristics) of variables in analyzing data collected from secondary sources.

The internal mechanisms of corporate governance such as Returns on Assets (ROA), shareholder profit and Debt-Equity ratio had a negative impact on organizational performance. The study into forecast and long-term co-integration relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and organizational performance has shown that the enhancement of organizational performance by corporate governance mechanisms is likely to experience a steady increase after 2023.

Economic landscape of Pakistan is determined by an extremely complex interaction of domestic and global forces; navigating it successfully requires a clear understanding of its character. The paper explores the dynamic relationships between macroeconomic variables and GDP growth in Pakistan using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and other stability tests using time series data from 1980 to 2022. The analysis includes variables representing GDP per capita, inflation, imports, total debt as a percentage of GDP, total population, and forestry and agricultural output. The correlation matrix shows a positive association between GDP growth rate and GDP per capita, total debt service is inversely correlated with total population, and GDP demonstrates a significant negative correlation. The ARDL results indicate that GDP per capita and the agriculture and forestry sectors are significant drivers of economic growth. Over the period in question, inflation only marginally affected GDP growth showing how important it is to maintain price stability through effective policies. Imports provide short-term benefits by enhancing productivity through capital goods and technology inflows but they may pose long-term challenges due to trade imbalances. The influence of population growth appears to be ambivalent: in the short term it contributes to economic growth by increasing labor supply and consumption; in the long term, however, its effect may become detrimental owing to resource constraints. Public debt shows little influence in the short term but negatively impacts growth over time by increasing the fiscal burden of debt servicing. These findings suggest that to achieve long-term economic stability and growth, the country needs targeted policy interventions that should help it control inflation, manage the debt sustainably, optimize imports, and invest in agriculture, which is an important determinant of GDP growth. Future research should concentrate on sector-specific studies and the effects of political stability on economic growth in order to provide deeper insights contributing to Pakistan’s sustainable economic development.

Обоснование. В Республике Саха (Якутия) с 2020 года заболеваемость туберкулезом (ТБ) стала ниже среднероссийских показателей на фоне увеличения уровня первичной множественной лекарственной устойчивости (МЛУ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Цель исследования. Проанализировать изменения молекулярно-генетической структуры популяции штаммов M. tuberculosis за 2009–2024 гг.

Материалы и методы. Изучено 669 штаммов за 2009–2014 (первый) и 2022– 2024 гг. (второй) периоды методами RD 207/105/181, SNP– и MIRU-VNTR 24 типирования.

Результаты. Первичная МЛУ (без пре-широкой и широкой лекарственной устойчивости (пре-ШЛУ и ШЛУ) штаммов составила 22,2 % и 24,6 %, пре-ШЛУ – соответственно 1,0 % и 16,9 % по периодам, ШЛУ – 3,3 % в 2022–2024 гг. Генотип Beijing выявлен во втором периоде у 67,3 % против 43,3 % – в первом (p < 0,001): субтипы Central Asian Russian – 31,0 % против 21,7 % (р = 0,006) и B0/ W148 – 34,0 % против 14,9 % (p < 0,001). Евро-Американская линия M. tuberculosis представлена эндемичным генотипом S (18,0 % – в первом и 13,8 % – во втором периоде), генотипами T, LAM, Ural, H. Во втором периоде, для штаммов B0/ W148 показано увеличение его доли во всех возрастных группах, рост пре-ШЛУ (53,9 % против 7,3 %; (p < 0,001) и обнаружение ШЛУ (6,9 %); для генотипа S выявлено увеличение первичной пре-ШЛУ (33,3 % против 5,7 %; p = 0,002) и установлена ШЛУ в 44,4 %.

Заключение. В популяции M. tuberculosis выявлено увеличение уровня пре-ШЛУ и появление ШЛУ у штаммов Beijing B0/W148 (60,8 %) и генотипа S (60,1 %) в 2022–2024 годах. Штаммы Beijing B0/W148 получили распространение и оказывают влияние на рост доли пре-ШЛУ и появление ШЛУ, как и эндемичный генотип S, что требует дальнейшего наблюдения и усиления контроля за эффективностью лечения, прежде всего, больных со впервые выявленным ТБ.

Формально защитник свободен при ведении судебных допросов по уголовному делу и выборе тактики. Однако на самом деле существует ряд ограничений, заложенных в структуру уголовного процесса и судебного следствия, в определении им предмета допроса, а равно способов и средств представления и исследования показаний в суде. В статье анализируются эти ограничения и предлагаются меры по их снятию или смягчению, для того чтобы защитник имел возможность на равных со стороной обвинения формировать в суде личные доказательства. Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Возвращение лицам ранее изъятых у них в ходе раскрытия и расследования преступления электронных носителей информации законом надлежащим образом не урегулировано. Исключение составляет процедура, предусмотренная ст. 81.1 УПК РФ по уголовным делам о преступлениях в сфере экономики. Предлагается унифицировать и конкретизировать порядок возвращения изъятых и не признанных вещественными доказательствами электронных носителей информации их законным владельцам по всем категориям уголовных дел. Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Обоснование. Существующие данные, касающиеся электрокардиографических изменений в моделях метаболического синдрома у крыс, неполны и противоречивы.

Цель исследования. Исследование параметров электрокардиограммы (ЭКГ) крыс в сахарозной модели метаболического синдрома.

Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проводились на крысах–самцах линии Wistar. В течение всего эксперимента (11–13 недель) животные имели свободный доступ к сухому корму, обычной и подслащенной сахаром (30 %) питьевой воде. Также проводился тест на толерантность к глюкозе (ГТТ), ЭКГ, измерения уровня случайной глюкозы, инсулина, холестерина и массы органов.

Результаты. Экспериментальные животные предпочитали пить подслащенную воду, однако почти полностью компенсировали избыток калорий, получаемых из сахара с водой, за счет снижения потребления сухого корма. Глюкоза натощак и прирост в массе не различался между группами животных. Однако, случайная глюкоза, площадь под кривой в ГТТ, относительная масса сердца, печени и абдоминального жира были выше у экспериментальных животных по сравнению с контролем. Кроме того, площадь зубца Т ЭКГ, а также соотношения TpTe / QT у экспериментальных животных были статистически больше, чем таковые в контроле.

Заключение. Полученные данные подтверждают развитие умеренного метаболического синдрома у крыс и могут свидетельствовать о развитии сердечной гипертрофии и / или замедления / десинхронизации реполяризации сердечной мышцы (увеличение длительности и площади зубца Т ЭКГ) у животных после 11–13 недель свободного доступа к подслащенной сахаром (30 %) воде.

Исследованы понятие уголовно-процессуальной формы и проблемы ее дифференциации с акцентом на доктринальные основы судебных решений, приведен анализ различных дефиниций данного понятия и предложено авторское видение рассматриваемого вопроса. Сформулирован вывод о том, что под влиянием дифференциации процессуальной формы динамично изменяется система промежуточных и итоговых судебных решений, а также их свойства и содержание. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.