В последние годы значительно расширилось использование метода флуоресцентной визуализации в хирургии. Флуоресцентная ангиография – это метод оценки перфузии тканей, который применяют в различных областях медицины. Флуоресцентная ангиография использует сигнал флуоресценции, испускаемый введенными веществами (флуорофорами) после облучения специальными лазерными источниками, обеспечивая врачу визуализацию тканей в режиме реального времени. В данном обзоре рассматриваются наиболее распространенные аспекты клинического применения флуоресценции. Постоянно растущее использование флуоресцентной ангиографии, высокая специфичность и чувствительность метода в ближайшем будущем превратят его в стандарт медицинской помощи.
Предпросмотр статьи
Идентификаторы и классификаторы
- SCI
- Здравоохранение
В клинической практике важной диагностической задачей является раннее выявление ишемического повреждения органов и тканей. Метод флуоресцентной ангиографии (ФАнг) позволяет неинвазивно диагностировать состояние биологических тканей, оценивая относительное содержание в них природных (эндогенных) флуорофоров, которое меняется в процессе жизнедеятельности и при развитии патологических процессов [1–5]. Интенсивность флуоресценции таких внутриклеточных флуорофоров, как NADH, FAD, порфирины, может изменяться при ишемии-реперфузии [1–5].
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Ревматоидный артрит (РА) представляет собой хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся поражением суставов и внутренних органов. Внедрение в клиническую практику терапии генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами (ГИБП) позволило существенно улучшить качество жизни пациентов с РА, уменьшить частоту развития инвалидизирующих изменений в суставах, а также обеспечить хороший контроль над активностью заболевания. Вместе с тем проблема ускоренного развития атеросклероза и повышенного сердечно-сосудистого риска при РА не теряет своей актуальности. Существенный вклад в прогрессирование атеросклероза у пациентов с РА вносят эндотелиальная дисфункция (ЭД) и системное воспаление. В настоящем обзоре проанализирована роль интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6) и фактора некроза опухоли альфа (ФНО-а) в патогенезе атеросклероза и ЭД, представлены современные научные данные о влиянии ГИБП на функцию эндотелия у пациентов с РА, а также рассмотрены лабораторные маркеры и инструментальные методы исследования дисфункции эндотелия. Белок программируемой клеточной смерти 1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1), ИЛ-18, ИЛ-10, гранулоцитарно-макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор (GM-CSF), а также фракталкин являются перспективными терапевтическими мишенями в терапии РА и атеросклероза. При планировании и организации клинических исследований новых лекарственных препаратов, предназначенных для лечения РА, оправданным является включение дополнительных конечных точек, посвященных оценке развития и прогрессирования атеросклероза и ЭД. По данным экспериментальных и клинических исследований терапия ГИБП способствует уменьшению выраженности ЭД, что положительно сказывается на состоянии сосудистой стенки, приводит к замедлению прогрессирования атеросклеротического поражения артерий и снижению сердечно-сосудистой смертности у пациентов с РА. В этой связи является целесообразным рассмотрение вопроса о возможном включении атеросклероза в число показаний для инициации терапии ГИБП у пациентов с РА.
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